You probably know that the Sahara is the world's largest hot desert, but here are a few things you should know. It covers approximately 9.2 million square kilometers.

In terms of size, it's roughly the size of the United States. Its golden sand dunes and vast gravel plains stretch across North Africa. Our map shows the Sahara's boundaries, the 11 countries it borders, and its major geographic landmarks.

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9.2 million km² • 11 countries
Sahara Boundary
Countries
Water / River
Mountains
Sand Sea / Erg

Countries of the Sahara Desert

The Sahara Desert covers all or part of these 11 countries. Click on any country in the table row to see its location on the map and other details.

Country Region
Morocco North Africa
Western Sahara North Africa
Mauritania West Africa
Algeria North Africa
Tunisia North Africa
Libya North Africa
Egypt North Africa
Mali West Africa
Niger West Africa
Chad Central Africa
Sudan East Africa

About Sahara Desert Landmarks and Geography

The Sahara is not just sand; it includes mountains, rivers, and ancient lakes. Click on the link below to see the exact location on the map and other details.

Nile River

The longest river in the world

Atlas Mountains

Mountain range separating Sahara from Mediterranean

Ahaggar Mountains

Highland region in southern Algeria

Tibesti Mountains

Mountain range in northern Chad

Qattara Depression

One of the lowest points in Africa

Erg Chebbi

Iconic sand dunes in Morocco

Ténéré

A vast sand desert region in Niger

Lake Chad

Critical water source for millions, but shrinking rapidly

Red Sea

Eastern boundary of the Sahara

Mediterranean Sea

Northern boundary of the Sahara

Senegal River

Marks the southwestern boundary of the desert

Guelb er Richat

Richat Structure, a prominent circular geological feature in Mauritania

Sahara Desert Area

  • Size: 9.2 million km² (3.6 million sq mi): As big as China or the USA.
  • Size Comparison: It is larger than the entire country of Brazil or Australia.
  • Highest Point: Emi Koussi - 3,415 m / 11,204 ft, in the Tibesti Mountains, Chad.
  • Lowest Point: Qattara Depression - 133 m below sea level in Egypt.
  • Permanent Rivers: The Nile and the Niger River touch the edges of the Sahara.
  • Composition: Only about 25% of the Sahara is sand dunes. The rest is rocky hamada and gravel reg.

FAQs

How many countries does the Sahara Desert cover?

The Sahara Desert covers all or part of 11 countries: Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Sudan.

How big is the Sahara Desert?

The Sahara Desert is the world's hottest desert. It covers approximately 9.2 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles). So, it's roughly the size of the United States or China.

Are there any rivers or mountains in the Sahara Desert?

Yes, the Sahara Desert has mountains and rivers. The main mountains include the Tibesti Mountains and the Ahaggar Mountains. The famous Nile River flows through it, and seasonal valleys are sometimes flooded by rainwater.

Does the Sahara desert have water?

Yes, the Sahara has two permanent rivers, the Nile and the Niger. It also has about 20 ancient lakes, dry lakes, and large aquifers.